注塑模具在我們生活中的應(yīng)用非常多，注塑成型又稱(chēng)注射模塑成型，它是一種注射兼模塑的成型方法。注塑成型方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是生產(chǎn)速度快、效率高，操作可實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化，花色品種多，形狀可以由簡(jiǎn)到繁，尺寸可以由大到小，而且制品尺寸精 確，產(chǎn)品易更新?lián)Q代，能成形狀復(fù)雜的制件，注塑成型適用于大量生產(chǎn)與形狀復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品等成型加工領(lǐng)域。下面是注塑模具各零件的作用。
Injection mold is widely used in our life. Injection molding, also known as injection molding, is a molding method of injection and molding. The advantages of injection molding method are fast production speed, high efficiency, automatic operation, many colors and varieties, simple to complex shapes, large to small sizes, accurate product sizes, easy renewal of products, and can form parts with complex shapes. Injection molding is suitable for mass production and molding processing fields such as products with complex shapes. The following is the function of each part of the injection mold.
注塑模具加工
Injection mold processing
一、成型零部件
1、 Formed parts
成型零部件是指定、動(dòng)模部分中組成型腔的零件。通常由凸模(或型芯)、凹模、鑲件等組成。
A molded component is a part that constitutes a cavity in a specified, moving mold part. It is usually composed of punch (or core), die, insert, etc.
二、澆注系統(tǒng)
2、 Gating system
澆注系統(tǒng)是熔融塑料從注塑機(jī)噴嘴進(jìn)入模具型腔所流經(jīng)的通道，它由主流道、分流道、澆口和冷料穴組成。
The gating system is the channel through which molten plastic enters the mold cavity from the nozzle of the injection molding machine. It is composed of main flow channel, shunt channel, gate and cold material cavity.
三、導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)
3、 Guiding mechanism
導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)分為動(dòng)模與定模之間的導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)和頂出機(jī)構(gòu)的導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)兩類(lèi)。前者是保證動(dòng)模和定模在合模時(shí)準(zhǔn)確對(duì)合，以保證塑件形狀和尺寸的精 確度。
The guiding mechanism is divided into two types: the guiding mechanism between the moving die and the fixed die and the guiding mechanism of the ejection mechanism. The former is to ensure the accurate alignment of the moving die and the fixed die when closing the die, so as to ensure the accuracy of the shape and size of the plastic part.
四、脫模機(jī)構(gòu)
4、 Demoulding mechanism
用于開(kāi)模時(shí)將塑件從模具中脫出的裝置，又稱(chēng)頂出機(jī)構(gòu)。其結(jié)構(gòu)形式很多，常見(jiàn)的有頂桿脫模機(jī)構(gòu)、推板脫模機(jī)構(gòu)和推管脫模機(jī)構(gòu)等。
A device used to pull plastic parts out of the mold during mold opening, also known as ejection mechanism. There are many structural forms, such as ejector rod demoulding mechanism, push plate demoulding mechanism and push tube demoulding mechanism.
五、側(cè)向分型與抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)
5、 Lateral parting and core pulling mechanism
當(dāng)塑件上的側(cè)向有凹凸形狀的孔或凸臺(tái)時(shí)，就需要有側(cè)向的凸?；蛐托緛?lái)成型。在開(kāi)模推出塑件之前，必須先將側(cè)向凸模或側(cè)向型芯從塑件上脫出或抽出，塑件才能順利脫模。使側(cè)向凸模或側(cè)向型芯移動(dòng)的機(jī)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為側(cè)向抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)。
When there are concave convex holes or bosses on the side of the plastic part, it is necessary to have a lateral punch or core to form. Before opening the mold to push out the plastic part, the lateral punch or lateral core must be detached or pulled out from the plastic part before the plastic part can be demoulded smoothly. The mechanism that moves the lateral punch or lateral core is called lateral core pulling mechanism.
六、加熱和冷卻系統(tǒng)
6、 Heating and cooling system
為了滿(mǎn)足注塑工藝對(duì)模具的溫度要求，必須對(duì)模具溫度進(jìn)行控制，所以模具常常設(shè)有冷卻系統(tǒng)并在模具內(nèi)部或四周安裝加熱元件。冷卻系統(tǒng)一般在模具上開(kāi)設(shè)冷卻水道。
In order to meet the temperature requirements of the injection molding process, the mold temperature must be controlled, so the mold is often equipped with a cooling system and heating elements in or around the mold. The cooling system is generally provided with a cooling water channel on the die.
七、排氣系統(tǒng)
7、 Exhaust system
在注塑成型過(guò)程中，為了將型腔內(nèi)的空氣排出，常常需要開(kāi)設(shè)排氣系統(tǒng)，通常是在分型面上有目的地開(kāi)設(shè)若干條溝槽，或利用模具的推桿或型芯與模板之間的配合間隙進(jìn)行排氣。小型塑件的排氣量不大，因此可直接利用分型面排氣，而不必另設(shè)排氣槽。
In the process of injection molding, in order to exhaust the air in the mold cavity, it is often necessary to set up an exhaust system. Usually, several grooves are purposefully set on the parting surface, or the exhaust is carried out by using the push rod of the mold or the matching gap between the core and the template. The exhaust volume of small plastic parts is small, so the parting surface can be directly used for exhaust without setting another exhaust slot.
八、其它零部件
8、 Other parts
如用來(lái)固定、支承成型零部件或起定位和限位作用的零部件等。
For example, it is used to fix and support formed parts or parts for positioning and limiting.
